Spring 框架 - AOP代理实现

代理的创建

引入

前文主要Spring AOP原理解析的切面实现过程(加载配置，将切面类的所有切面方法根据使用的注解生成对应Advice，并将Advice连同切入点匹配器和切面类等信息一并封装到Advisor)。

同时我们也总结了Spring AOP初始化的过程，具体如下：

1. 由IOC Bean加载方法栈中找到parseCustomElement方法，找到parse aop:aspectj-autoproxy的handler(org.springframework.aop.config.AopNamespaceHandler)

2. AopNamespaceHandler注册了<aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>的解析类是AspectJAutoProxyBeanDefinitionParser

3. AspectJAutoProxyBeanDefinitionParser的parse 方法 通过AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator类去创建

4. AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator

   实现了两类接口，BeanFactoryAware和BeanPostProcessor；根据Bean生命周期方法找到两个核心方法：postProcessBeforeInstantiation和postProcessAfterInitialization

   1. postProcessBeforeInstantiation：主要是处理使用了@Aspect注解的切面类，然后将切面类的所有切面方法根据使用的注解生成对应Advice，并将Advice连同切入点匹配器和切面类等信息一并封装到Advisor
   2. postProcessAfterInitialization：主要负责将Advisor注入到合适的位置，创建代理（cglib或jdk)，为后面给代理进行增强实现做准备。

本文接着介绍postProcessAfterInitialization的方法，即Spring AOP的代理（cglib或jdk)的创建过程。

创建代理的方法是postProcessAfterInitialization：如果bean被子类标识为代理，则使用配置的拦截器创建一个代理

/**
  * Create a proxy with the configured interceptors if the bean is
  * identified as one to proxy by the subclass.
  * @see #getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean
  */
@Override
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(@Nullable Object bean, String beanName) {
  if (bean != null) {
    Object cacheKey = getCacheKey(bean.getClass(), beanName);
    // 如果不是提前暴露的代理
    if (this.earlyProxyReferences.remove(cacheKey) != bean) {
      return wrapIfNecessary(bean, beanName, cacheKey);
    }
  }
  return bean;
}

wrapIfNecessary方法主要用于判断是否需要创建代理，如果Bean能够获取到advisor才需要创建代理

/**
  * Wrap the given bean if necessary, i.e. if it is eligible for being proxied.
  * @param bean the raw bean instance
  * @param beanName the name of the bean
  * @param cacheKey the cache key for metadata access
  * @return a proxy wrapping the bean, or the raw bean instance as-is
  */
protected Object wrapIfNecessary(Object bean, String beanName, Object cacheKey) {
   // 如果bean是通过TargetSource接口获取
   if (beanName != null && this.targetSourcedBeans.contains(beanName)) {
      return bean;
   }
   // 如果bean是切面类
   if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(this.advisedBeans.get(cacheKey))) {
      return bean;
   }
   // 如果是aop基础类？是否跳过？
   if (isInfrastructureClass(bean.getClass()) || shouldSkip(bean.getClass(), beanName)) {
      this.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.FALSE);
      return bean;
   }

  // 重点：获取所有advisor，如果没有获取到，那说明不要进行增强，也就不需要代理了。
  Object[] specificInterceptors = getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean(bean.getClass(), beanName, null);
  if (specificInterceptors != DO_NOT_PROXY) {
    this.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.TRUE);
    // 重点：创建代理
    Object proxy = createProxy(
        bean.getClass(), beanName, specificInterceptors, new SingletonTargetSource(bean));
    this.proxyTypes.put(cacheKey, proxy.getClass());
    return proxy;
  }

  this.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.FALSE);
  return bean;
}

获取所有的Advisor

我们看下获取所有advisor的方法getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean

@Override
@Nullable
protected Object[] getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean(
    Class<?> beanClass, String beanName, @Nullable TargetSource targetSource) {

  List<Advisor> advisors = findEligibleAdvisors(beanClass, beanName);
  if (advisors.isEmpty()) {
    return DO_NOT_PROXY;
  }
  return advisors.toArray();
}

通过findEligibleAdvisors方法获取advisor， 如果获取不到返回DO_NOT_PROXY（不需要创建代理），findEligibleAdvisors方法如下

/**
  * Find all eligible Advisors for auto-proxying this class.
  * @param beanClass the clazz to find advisors for
  * @param beanName the name of the currently proxied bean
  * @return the empty List, not {@code null},
  * if there are no pointcuts or interceptors
  * @see #findCandidateAdvisors
  * @see #sortAdvisors
  * @see #extendAdvisors
  */
protected List<Advisor> findEligibleAdvisors(Class<?> beanClass, String beanName) {
  // 和上文一样，获取所有切面类的切面方法生成Advisor
  List<Advisor> candidateAdvisors = findCandidateAdvisors();
  // 找到这些Advisor中能够应用于beanClass的Advisor
  List<Advisor> eligibleAdvisors = findAdvisorsThatCanApply(candidateAdvisors, beanClass, beanName);
  // 如果需要，交给子类拓展
  extendAdvisors(eligibleAdvisors);
  // 对Advisor排序
  if (!eligibleAdvisors.isEmpty()) {
    eligibleAdvisors = sortAdvisors(eligibleAdvisors);
  }
  return eligibleAdvisors;
}

获取所有切面类的切面方法生成Advisor

/**
  * Find all candidate Advisors to use in auto-proxying.
  * @return the List of candidate Advisors
  */
protected List<Advisor> findCandidateAdvisors() {
  Assert.state(this.advisorRetrievalHelper != null, "No BeanFactoryAdvisorRetrievalHelper available");
  return this.advisorRetrievalHelper.findAdvisorBeans();
}

找到这些Advisor中能够应用于beanClass的Advisor

/**
  * Determine the sublist of the {@code candidateAdvisors} list
  * that is applicable to the given class.
  * @param candidateAdvisors the Advisors to evaluate
  * @param clazz the target class
  * @return sublist of Advisors that can apply to an object of the given class
  * (may be the incoming List as-is)
  */
public static List<Advisor> findAdvisorsThatCanApply(List<Advisor> candidateAdvisors, Class<?> clazz) {
  if (candidateAdvisors.isEmpty()) {
    return candidateAdvisors;
  }
  List<Advisor> eligibleAdvisors = new ArrayList<>();
  for (Advisor candidate : candidateAdvisors) {
    // 通过Introduction实现的advice
    if (candidate instanceof IntroductionAdvisor && canApply(candidate, clazz)) {
      eligibleAdvisors.add(candidate);
    }
  }
  boolean hasIntroductions = !eligibleAdvisors.isEmpty();
  for (Advisor candidate : candidateAdvisors) {
    if (candidate instanceof IntroductionAdvisor) {
      // already processed
      continue;
    }
    // 是否能够应用于clazz的Advice
    if (canApply(candidate, clazz, hasIntroductions)) {
      eligibleAdvisors.add(candidate);
    }
  }
  return eligibleAdvisors;
}

创建代理的入口方法

获取所有advisor后，如果有advisor，则说明需要增强，即需要创建代理，创建代理的方法如下：

/**
  * Create an AOP proxy for the given bean.
  * @param beanClass the class of the bean
  * @param beanName the name of the bean
  * @param specificInterceptors the set of interceptors that is
  * specific to this bean (may be empty, but not null)
  * @param targetSource the TargetSource for the proxy,
  * already pre-configured to access the bean
  * @return the AOP proxy for the bean
  * @see #buildAdvisors
  */
protected Object createProxy(Class<?> beanClass, @Nullable String beanName,
    @Nullable Object[] specificInterceptors, TargetSource targetSource) {

  if (this.beanFactory instanceof ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) {
    AutoProxyUtils.exposeTargetClass((ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) this.beanFactory, beanName, beanClass);
  }

  ProxyFactory proxyFactory = new ProxyFactory();
  proxyFactory.copyFrom(this);

  if (proxyFactory.isProxyTargetClass()) {
    // Explicit handling of JDK proxy targets (for introduction advice scenarios)
    if (Proxy.isProxyClass(beanClass)) {
      // Must allow for introductions; can't just set interfaces to the proxy's interfaces only.
      for (Class<?> ifc : beanClass.getInterfaces()) {
        proxyFactory.addInterface(ifc);
      }
    }
  }
  else {
    // No proxyTargetClass flag enforced, let's apply our default checks...
    if (shouldProxyTargetClass(beanClass, beanName)) {
      proxyFactory.setProxyTargetClass(true);
    }
    else {
      evaluateProxyInterfaces(beanClass, proxyFactory);
    }
  }

  Advisor[] advisors = buildAdvisors(beanName, specificInterceptors);
  proxyFactory.addAdvisors(advisors);
  proxyFactory.setTargetSource(targetSource);
  customizeProxyFactory(proxyFactory);

  proxyFactory.setFrozen(this.freezeProxy);
  if (advisorsPreFiltered()) {
    proxyFactory.setPreFiltered(true);
  }

  // Use original ClassLoader if bean class not locally loaded in overriding class loader
  ClassLoader classLoader = getProxyClassLoader();
  if (classLoader instanceof SmartClassLoader && classLoader != beanClass.getClassLoader()) {
    classLoader = ((SmartClassLoader) classLoader).getOriginalClassLoader();
  }
  return proxyFactory.getProxy(classLoader);
}

proxyFactory.getProxy(classLoader)

/**
  * Create a new proxy according to the settings in this factory.
  * <p>Can be called repeatedly. Effect will vary if we've added
  * or removed interfaces. Can add and remove interceptors.
  * <p>Uses the given class loader (if necessary for proxy creation).
  * @param classLoader the class loader to create the proxy with
  * (or {@code null} for the low-level proxy facility's default)
  * @return the proxy object
  */
public Object getProxy(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
  return createAopProxy().getProxy(classLoader);
}

依据条件创建代理(jdk或cglib)

DefaultAopProxyFactory.createAopProxy

@Override
public AopProxy createAopProxy(AdvisedSupport config) throws AopConfigException {
  if (!NativeDetector.inNativeImage() &&
      (config.isOptimize() || config.isProxyTargetClass() || hasNoUserSuppliedProxyInterfaces(config))) {
    Class<?> targetClass = config.getTargetClass();
    if (targetClass == null) {
      throw new AopConfigException("TargetSource cannot determine target class: " +
          "Either an interface or a target is required for proxy creation.");
    }
    if (targetClass.isInterface() || Proxy.isProxyClass(targetClass)) {
      return new JdkDynamicAopProxy(config);
    }
    return new ObjenesisCglibAopProxy(config);
  }
  else {
    return new JdkDynamicAopProxy(config);
  }
}

几个要点

• config.isOptimize() 是通过optimize设置，表示配置是自定义的，默认是false；
• config.isProxyTargetClass()是通过<aop:config proxy-target-class="true" />来配置的，表示优先使用cglib代理，默认是false；
• hasNoUserSuppliedProxyInterfaces(config) 表示是否目标类实现了接口

由此我们可以知道：

Spring默认在目标类实现接口时是通过JDK代理实现的，只有非接口的是通过Cglib代理实现的。当设置proxy-target-class为true时在目标类不是接口或者代理类时优先使用cglib代理实现。

Cglib代理实现

引入

我们在前文中已经介绍了SpringAOP的切面实现和创建动态代理的过程，那么动态代理是如何工作的呢？本文主要介绍Cglib动态代理的案例和SpringAOP实现的原理。

要了解动态代理是如何工作的，首先需要了解

• 什么是代理模式？
• 什么是动态代理？
• 什么是Cglib？
• SpringAOP和Cglib是什么关系？

动态代理要解决什么问题？

什么是代理？

代理模式(Proxy pattern): 为另一个对象提供一个替身或占位符以控制对这个对象的访问

举个简单的例子：

我(client)如果要买(doOperation)房，可以找中介(proxy)买房，中介直接和卖方(target)买房。中介和卖方都实现买卖(doOperation)的操作。中介就是代理(proxy)。

什么是动态代理？

动态代理就是，在程序运行期，创建目标对象的代理对象，并对目标对象中的方法进行功能性增强的一种技术。

在生成代理对象的过程中，目标对象不变，代理对象中的方法是目标对象方法的增强方法。可以理解为运行期间，对象中方法的动态拦截，在拦截方法的前后执行功能操作。

什么是Cglib? SpringAOP和Cglib是什么关系？

Cglib是一个强大的、高性能的代码生成包，它广泛被许多AOP框架使用，为他们提供方法的拦截。

• 最底层是字节码，字节码相关的知识请参考 JVM基础 - 类字节码详解
• ASM是操作字节码的工具
• cglib基于ASM字节码工具操作字节码（即动态生成代理，对方法进行增强）
• SpringAOP基于cglib进行封装，实现cglib方式的动态代理

Cglib代理的案例

这里我们写一个使用cglib的简单例子。@pdai

pom包依赖

引入cglib的依赖包

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>tech-pdai-spring-demos</artifactId>
        <groupId>tech.pdai</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>007-spring-framework-demo-aop-proxy-cglib</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/cglib/cglib -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cglib</groupId>
            <artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
            <version>3.3.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

定义实体

User

package tech.pdai.springframework.entity;

/**
 * @author pdai
 */
public class User {

    /**
     * user's name.
     */
    private String name;

    /**
     * user's age.
     */
    private int age;

    /**
     * init.
     *
     * @param name name
     * @param age  age
     */
    public User(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

被代理的类

即目标类, 对被代理的类中的方法进行增强

package tech.pdai.springframework.service;

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

import tech.pdai.springframework.entity.User;

/**
 * @author pdai
 */
public class UserServiceImpl {

    /**
     * find user list.
     *
     * @return user list
     */
    public List<User> findUserList() {
        return Collections.singletonList(new User("pdai", 18));
    }

    /**
     * add user
     */
    public void addUser() {
        // do something
    }

}

cglib代理

cglib代理类，需要实现MethodInterceptor接口，并指定代理目标类target

package tech.pdai.springframework.proxy;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import net.sf.cglib.proxy.Enhancer;
import net.sf.cglib.proxy.MethodInterceptor;
import net.sf.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy;

/**
 * This class is for proxy demo.
 *
 * @author pdai
 */
public class UserLogProxy implements MethodInterceptor {

    /**
     * 业务类对象，供代理方法中进行真正的业务方法调用
     */
    private Object target;

    public Object getUserLogProxy(Object target) {
        //给业务对象赋值
        this.target = target;
        //创建加强器，用来创建动态代理类
        Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
        //为加强器指定要代理的业务类（即：为下面生成的代理类指定父类）
        enhancer.setSuperclass(this.target.getClass());
        //设置回调：对于代理类上所有方法的调用，都会调用CallBack，而Callback则需要实现intercept()方法进行拦
        enhancer.setCallback(this);
        // 创建动态代理类对象并返回
        return enhancer.create();
    }

    // 实现回调方法
    @Override
    public Object intercept(Object obj, Method method, Object[] args, MethodProxy proxy) throws Throwable {
        // log - before method
        System.out.println("[before] execute method: " + method.getName());

        // call method
        Object result = proxy.invokeSuper(obj, args);

        // log - after method
        System.out.println("[after] execute method: " + method.getName() + ", return value: " + result);
        return null;
    }
}

使用代理

启动类中指定代理目标并执行。

package tech.pdai.springframework;

import tech.pdai.springframework.proxy.UserLogProxy;
import tech.pdai.springframework.service.UserServiceImpl;

/**
 * Cglib proxy demo.
 *
 * @author pdai
 */
public class ProxyDemo {

    /**
     * main interface.
     *
     * @param args args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // proxy
        UserServiceImpl userService = (UserServiceImpl) new UserLogProxy().getUserLogProxy(new UserServiceImpl());

        // call methods
        userService.findUserList();
        userService.addUser();
    }
}

简单测试

我们启动上述类main 函数，执行的结果如下：

[before] execute method: findUserList
[after] execute method: findUserList, return value: [User{name='pdai', age=18}]
[before] execute method: addUser
[after] execute method: addUser, return value: null

Cglib代理的流程

我们把上述Demo的主要流程画出来，你便能很快理解

更多细节：

• 在上图中，我们可以通过在Enhancer中配置更多的参数来控制代理的行为，比如如果只希望增强这个类中的一个方法（而不是所有方法），那就增加callbackFilter来对目标类中方法进行过滤；Enhancer可以有更多的参数类配置其行为，不过我们在学习上述主要的流程就够了。
• final方法为什么不能被代理？很显然final方法没法被子类覆盖，当然不能代理了。
• Mockito为什么不能mock静态方法？因为mockito也是基于cglib动态代理来实现的，static方法也不能被子类覆盖，所以显然不能mock。但PowerMock可以mock静态方法，因为它直接在bytecode上工作，更多可以看Mockito单元测试。（pdai: 通了没？是不是so easy...）

SpringAOP中Cglib代理的实现

SpringAOP封装了cglib，通过其进行动态代理的创建。

我们看下CglibAopProxy的getProxy方法

@Override
public Object getProxy() {
  return getProxy(null);
}

@Override
public Object getProxy(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
  if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
    logger.trace("Creating CGLIB proxy: " + this.advised.getTargetSource());
  }

  try {
    Class<?> rootClass = this.advised.getTargetClass();
    Assert.state(rootClass != null, "Target class must be available for creating a CGLIB proxy");

    // 上面流程图中的目标类
    Class<?> proxySuperClass = rootClass;
    if (rootClass.getName().contains(ClassUtils.CGLIB_CLASS_SEPARATOR)) {
      proxySuperClass = rootClass.getSuperclass();
      Class<?>[] additionalInterfaces = rootClass.getInterfaces();
      for (Class<?> additionalInterface : additionalInterfaces) {
        this.advised.addInterface(additionalInterface);
      }
    }

    // Validate the class, writing log messages as necessary.
    validateClassIfNecessary(proxySuperClass, classLoader);

    // 重点看这里，就是上图的enhancer，设置各种参数来构建
    Enhancer enhancer = createEnhancer();
    if (classLoader != null) {
      enhancer.setClassLoader(classLoader);
      if (classLoader instanceof SmartClassLoader &&
          ((SmartClassLoader) classLoader).isClassReloadable(proxySuperClass)) {
        enhancer.setUseCache(false);
      }
    }
    enhancer.setSuperclass(proxySuperClass);
    enhancer.setInterfaces(AopProxyUtils.completeProxiedInterfaces(this.advised));
    enhancer.setNamingPolicy(SpringNamingPolicy.INSTANCE);
    enhancer.setStrategy(new ClassLoaderAwareGeneratorStrategy(classLoader));

    // 设置callback回调接口，即方法的增强点
    Callback[] callbacks = getCallbacks(rootClass);
    Class<?>[] types = new Class<?>[callbacks.length];
    for (int x = 0; x < types.length; x++) {
      types[x] = callbacks[x].getClass();
    }
    // 上节说到的filter
    enhancer.setCallbackFilter(new ProxyCallbackFilter(
        this.advised.getConfigurationOnlyCopy(), this.fixedInterceptorMap, this.fixedInterceptorOffset));
    enhancer.setCallbackTypes(types);

    // 重点：创建proxy和其实例
    return createProxyClassAndInstance(enhancer, callbacks);
  }
  catch (CodeGenerationException | IllegalArgumentException ex) {
    throw new AopConfigException("Could not generate CGLIB subclass of " + this.advised.getTargetClass() +
        ": Common causes of this problem include using a final class or a non-visible class",
        ex);
  }
  catch (Throwable ex) {
    // TargetSource.getTarget() failed
    throw new AopConfigException("Unexpected AOP exception", ex);
  }
}

获取callback的方法如下，提几个理解的要点吧，具体读者在学习的时候建议把我的例子跑一下，然后打一个断点进行理解。

• rootClass: 即目标代理类
• advised: 包含上文中我们获取到的advisor增强器的集合
• exposeProxy: 在xml配置文件中配置的，背景就是如果在事务A中使用了代理，事务A调用了目标类的的方法a，在方法a中又调用目标类的方法b，方法a，b同时都是要被增强的方法，如果不配置exposeProxy属性，方法b的增强将会失效，如果配置exposeProxy，方法b在方法a的执行中也会被增强了
• DynamicAdvisedInterceptor: 拦截器将advised(包含上文中我们获取到的advisor增强器)构建配置的AOP的callback（第一个callback)
• targetInterceptor: xml配置的optimize属性使用的（第二个callback)
• 最后连同其它5个默认的Interceptor 返回作为cglib的拦截器链，之后通过CallbackFilter的accpet方法返回的索引从这个集合中返回对应的拦截增强器执行增强操作。

private Callback[] getCallbacks(Class<?> rootClass) throws Exception {
  // Parameters used for optimization choices...
  boolean exposeProxy = this.advised.isExposeProxy();
  boolean isFrozen = this.advised.isFrozen();
  boolean isStatic = this.advised.getTargetSource().isStatic();

  // Choose an "aop" interceptor (used for AOP calls).
  Callback aopInterceptor = new DynamicAdvisedInterceptor(this.advised);

  // Choose a "straight to target" interceptor. (used for calls that are
  // unadvised but can return this). May be required to expose the proxy.
  Callback targetInterceptor;
  if (exposeProxy) {
    targetInterceptor = (isStatic ?
        new StaticUnadvisedExposedInterceptor(this.advised.getTargetSource().getTarget()) :
        new DynamicUnadvisedExposedInterceptor(this.advised.getTargetSource()));
  }
  else {
    targetInterceptor = (isStatic ?
        new StaticUnadvisedInterceptor(this.advised.getTargetSource().getTarget()) :
        new DynamicUnadvisedInterceptor(this.advised.getTargetSource()));
  }

  // Choose a "direct to target" dispatcher (used for
  // unadvised calls to static targets that cannot return this).
  Callback targetDispatcher = (isStatic ?
      new StaticDispatcher(this.advised.getTargetSource().getTarget()) : new SerializableNoOp());

  Callback[] mainCallbacks = new Callback[] {
      aopInterceptor,  // 
      targetInterceptor,  // invoke target without considering advice, if optimized
      new SerializableNoOp(),  // no override for methods mapped to this
      targetDispatcher, this.advisedDispatcher,
      new EqualsInterceptor(this.advised),
      new HashCodeInterceptor(this.advised)
  };

  Callback[] callbacks;

  // If the target is a static one and the advice chain is frozen,
  // then we can make some optimizations by sending the AOP calls
  // direct to the target using the fixed chain for that method.
  if (isStatic && isFrozen) {
    Method[] methods = rootClass.getMethods();
    Callback[] fixedCallbacks = new Callback[methods.length];
    this.fixedInterceptorMap = CollectionUtils.newHashMap(methods.length);

    // TODO: small memory optimization here (can skip creation for methods with no advice)
    for (int x = 0; x < methods.length; x++) {
      Method method = methods[x];
      List<Object> chain = this.advised.getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice(method, rootClass);
      fixedCallbacks[x] = new FixedChainStaticTargetInterceptor(
          chain, this.advised.getTargetSource().getTarget(), this.advised.getTargetClass());
      this.fixedInterceptorMap.put(method, x);
    }

    // Now copy both the callbacks from mainCallbacks
    // and fixedCallbacks into the callbacks array.
    callbacks = new Callback[mainCallbacks.length + fixedCallbacks.length];
    System.arraycopy(mainCallbacks, 0, callbacks, 0, mainCallbacks.length);
    System.arraycopy(fixedCallbacks, 0, callbacks, mainCallbacks.length, fixedCallbacks.length);
    this.fixedInterceptorOffset = mainCallbacks.length;
  }
  else {
    callbacks = mainCallbacks;
  }
  return callbacks;
}

可以结合调试，方便理解

示例源码

https://github.com/realpdai/tech-pdai-spring-demos

JDK代理实现

引入

上文我们学习了SpringAOP Cglib动态代理的实现，本文主要是SpringAOP JDK动态代理的案例和实现部分。

什么是JDK代理?

JDK动态代理是有JDK提供的工具类Proxy实现的，动态代理类是在运行时生成指定接口的代理类，每个代理实例（实现需要代理的接口）都有一个关联的调用处理程序对象，此对象实现了InvocationHandler，最终的业务逻辑是在InvocationHandler实现类的invoke方法上。

JDK代理的案例

这里我们写一个使用jdk代理的简单例子。@pdai

不需要maven依赖

jdk代理不需要任何依赖。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>tech-pdai-spring-demos</artifactId>
        <groupId>tech.pdai</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>006-spring-framework-demo-aop-proxy-jdk</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <!--based on jdk proxy -->
    <dependencies>

    </dependencies>

</project>

定义实体

User

package tech.pdai.springframework.entity;

/**
 * @author pdai
 */
public class User {

    /**
     * user's name.
     */
    private String name;

    /**
     * user's age.
     */
    private int age;

    /**
     * init.
     *
     * @param name name
     * @param age  age
     */
    public User(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

被代理的类和接口

接口如下

package tech.pdai.springframework.service;

import tech.pdai.springframework.entity.User;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author pdai
 */
public interface IUserService {

    /**
     * find user list.
     *
     * @return user list
     */
    List<User> findUserList();

    /**
     * add user
     */
    void addUser();
}

实现类如下：

package tech.pdai.springframework.service;

import tech.pdai.springframework.entity.User;

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author pdai
 */
public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService {

    /**
     * find user list.
     *
     * @return user list
     */
    @Override
    public List<User> findUserList() {
        return Collections.singletonList(new User("pdai", 18));
    }

    /**
     * add user
     */
    @Override
    public void addUser() {
        // do something
    }

}

JDK代理类

代理类如下：

package tech.pdai.springframework.proxy;

import tech.pdai.springframework.service.IUserService;
import tech.pdai.springframework.service.UserServiceImpl;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.util.Arrays;

/**
 * This class is for proxy demo.
 *
 * @author pdai
 */
public class UserLogProxy {

    /**
     * proxy target
     */
    private IUserService target;

    /**
     * init.
     *
     * @param target target
     */
    public UserLogProxy(UserServiceImpl target) {
        super();
        this.target = target;
    }

    /**
     * get proxy.
     *
     * @return proxy target
     */
    public IUserService getLoggingProxy() {
        IUserService proxy;
        ClassLoader loader = target.getClass().getClassLoader();
        Class[] interfaces = new Class[]{IUserService.class};
        InvocationHandler h = new InvocationHandler() {
            /**
             * proxy: 代理对象。 一般不使用该对象 method: 正在被调用的方法 args: 调用方法传入的参数
             */
            @Override
            public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
                String methodName = method.getName();
                // log - before method
                System.out.println("[before] execute method: " + methodName);

                // call method
                Object result = null;
                try {
                    // 前置通知
                    result = method.invoke(target, args);
                    // 返回通知, 可以访问到方法的返回值
                } catch (NullPointerException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    // 异常通知, 可以访问到方法出现的异常
                }
                // 后置通知. 因为方法可以能会出异常, 所以访问不到方法的返回值

                // log - after method
                System.out.println("[after] execute method: " + methodName + ", return value: " + result);
                return result;
            }
        };
        /**
         * loader: 代理对象使用的类加载器.
         * interfaces: 指定代理对象的类型. 即代理代理对象中可以有哪些方法.
         * h: 当具体调用代理对象的方法时, 应该如何进行响应, 实际上就是调用 InvocationHandler 的 invoke 方法
         */
        proxy = (IUserService) Proxy.newProxyInstance(loader, interfaces, h);
        return proxy;
    }

}

使用代理

启动类中指定代理目标并执行。

package tech.pdai.springframework;

import tech.pdai.springframework.proxy.UserLogProxy;
import tech.pdai.springframework.service.IUserService;
import tech.pdai.springframework.service.UserServiceImpl;

/**
 * Jdk proxy demo.
 *
 * @author pdai
 */
public class ProxyDemo {

    /**
     * main interface.
     *
     * @param args args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // proxy
        IUserService userService = new UserLogProxy(new UserServiceImpl()).getLoggingProxy();

        // call methods
        userService.findUserList();
        userService.addUser();
    }
}

简单测试

我们启动上述类main 函数，执行的结果如下：

[before] execute method: findUserList
[after] execute method: findUserList, return value: [User{name='pdai', age=18}]
[before] execute method: addUser
[after] execute method: addUser, return value: null

JDK代理的流程

JDK代理自动生成的class是由sun.misc.ProxyGenerator来生成的。

ProxyGenerator生成代码

我们看下sun.misc.ProxyGenerator生成代码的逻辑：

/**
    * Generate a proxy class given a name and a list of proxy interfaces.
    *
    * @param name        the class name of the proxy class
    * @param interfaces  proxy interfaces
    * @param accessFlags access flags of the proxy class
*/
public static byte[] generateProxyClass(final String name,
                                        Class<?>[] interfaces,
                                        int accessFlags)
{
    ProxyGenerator gen = new ProxyGenerator(name, interfaces, accessFlags);
    final byte[] classFile = gen.generateClassFile();
    ...
}

generateClassFile方法如下：

/**
    * Generate a class file for the proxy class.  This method drives the
    * class file generation process.
    */
private byte[] generateClassFile() {

    /* 第一步：将所有方法包装成ProxyMethod对象 */
    
    // 将Object类中hashCode、equals、toString方法包装成ProxyMethod对象
    addProxyMethod(hashCodeMethod, Object.class);
    addProxyMethod(equalsMethod, Object.class);
    addProxyMethod(toStringMethod, Object.class);

    // 将代理类接口方法包装成ProxyMethod对象
    for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
        for (Method m : intf.getMethods()) {
            addProxyMethod(m, intf);
        }
    }

    // 校验返回类型
    for (List<ProxyMethod> sigmethods : proxyMethods.values()) {
        checkReturnTypes(sigmethods);
    }

    /* 第二步：为代理类组装字段，构造函数，方法，static初始化块等 */
    try {
        // 添加构造函数，参数是InvocationHandler
        methods.add(generateConstructor());

        // 代理方法
        for (List<ProxyMethod> sigmethods : proxyMethods.values()) {
            for (ProxyMethod pm : sigmethods) {

                // 字段
                fields.add(new FieldInfo(pm.methodFieldName,
                    "Ljava/lang/reflect/Method;",
                        ACC_PRIVATE | ACC_STATIC));

                // 上述ProxyMethod中的方法
                methods.add(pm.generateMethod());
            }
        }

        // static初始化块
        methods.add(generateStaticInitializer());

    } catch (IOException e) {
        throw new InternalError("unexpected I/O Exception", e);
    }

    if (methods.size() > 65535) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("method limit exceeded");
    }
    if (fields.size() > 65535) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("field limit exceeded");
    }

    /* 第三步：写入class文件 */

    /*
        * Make sure that constant pool indexes are reserved for the
        * following items before starting to write the final class file.
        */
    cp.getClass(dotToSlash(className));
    cp.getClass(superclassName);
    for (Class<?> intf: interfaces) {
        cp.getClass(dotToSlash(intf.getName()));
    }

    /*
        * Disallow new constant pool additions beyond this point, since
        * we are about to write the final constant pool table.
        */
    cp.setReadOnly();

    ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    DataOutputStream dout = new DataOutputStream(bout);

    try {
        /*
            * Write all the items of the "ClassFile" structure.
            * See JVMS section 4.1.
            */
                                    // u4 magic;
        dout.writeInt(0xCAFEBABE);
                                    // u2 minor_version;
        dout.writeShort(CLASSFILE_MINOR_VERSION);
                                    // u2 major_version;
        dout.writeShort(CLASSFILE_MAJOR_VERSION);

        cp.write(dout);             // (write constant pool)

                                    // u2 access_flags;
        dout.writeShort(accessFlags);
                                    // u2 this_class;
        dout.writeShort(cp.getClass(dotToSlash(className)));
                                    // u2 super_class;
        dout.writeShort(cp.getClass(superclassName));

                                    // u2 interfaces_count;
        dout.writeShort(interfaces.length);
                                    // u2 interfaces[interfaces_count];
        for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
            dout.writeShort(cp.getClass(
                dotToSlash(intf.getName())));
        }

                                    // u2 fields_count;
        dout.writeShort(fields.size());
                                    // field_info fields[fields_count];
        for (FieldInfo f : fields) {
            f.write(dout);
        }

                                    // u2 methods_count;
        dout.writeShort(methods.size());
                                    // method_info methods[methods_count];
        for (MethodInfo m : methods) {
            m.write(dout);
        }

                                        // u2 attributes_count;
        dout.writeShort(0); // (no ClassFile attributes for proxy classes)

    } catch (IOException e) {
        throw new InternalError("unexpected I/O Exception", e);
    }

    return bout.toByteArray();
}

一共三个步骤（把大象装进冰箱分几步？）：

• 第一步：（把冰箱门打开）准备工作，将所有方法包装成ProxyMethod对象，包括Object类中hashCode、equals、toString方法，以及被代理的接口中的方法
• 第二步：（把大象装进去）为代理类组装字段，构造函数，方法，static初始化块等
• 第三步：（把冰箱门带上）写入class文件

从生成的Proxy代码看执行流程

从上述sun.misc.ProxyGenerator类中可以看到，这个类里面有一个配置参数sun.misc.ProxyGenerator.saveGeneratedFiles，可以通过这个参数将生成的Proxy类保存在本地，比如设置为true 执行后，生成的文件如下：

我们看下生成后的代码：

//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by FernFlower decompiler)
//

package com.sun.proxy;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException;
import java.util.List;
import tech.pdai.springframework.service.IUserService;

// 所有类和方法都是final类型的
public final class $Proxy0 extends Proxy implements IUserService {
    private static Method m1;
    private static Method m3;
    private static Method m2;
    private static Method m0;
    private static Method m4;

    // 构造函数注入 InvocationHandler
    public $Proxy0(InvocationHandler var1) throws  {
        super(var1);
    }

    public final boolean equals(Object var1) throws  {
        try {
            return (Boolean)super.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[]{var1});
        } catch (RuntimeException | Error var3) {
            throw var3;
        } catch (Throwable var4) {
            throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var4);
        }
    }

    public final List findUserList() throws  {
        try {
            return (List)super.h.invoke(this, m3, (Object[])null);
        } catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
            throw var2;
        } catch (Throwable var3) {
            throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
        }
    }

    public final String toString() throws  {
        try {
            return (String)super.h.invoke(this, m2, (Object[])null);
        } catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
            throw var2;
        } catch (Throwable var3) {
            throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
        }
    }

    public final int hashCode() throws  {
        try {
            return (Integer)super.h.invoke(this, m0, (Object[])null);
        } catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
            throw var2;
        } catch (Throwable var3) {
            throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
        }
    }

    public final void addUser() throws  {
        try {
            super.h.invoke(this, m4, (Object[])null);
        } catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
            throw var2;
        } catch (Throwable var3) {
            throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
        }
    }

    static {
        try {
            // 初始化 methods, 2个IUserService接口中的方法，3个Object中的接口
            m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", Class.forName("java.lang.Object"));
            m3 = Class.forName("tech.pdai.springframework.service.IUserService").getMethod("findUserList");
            m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString");
            m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode");
            m4 = Class.forName("tech.pdai.springframework.service.IUserService").getMethod("addUser");
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException var2) {
            throw new NoSuchMethodError(var2.getMessage());
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException var3) {
            throw new NoClassDefFoundError(var3.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

上述代码是比较容易理解的，我就不画图了。

主要流程是：

• ProxyGenerator创建Proxy的具体类$Proxy0
• 由static初始化块初始化接口方法：2个IUserService接口中的方法，3个Object中的接口方法
• 由构造函数注入InvocationHandler
• 执行的时候，通过ProxyGenerator创建的Proxy，调用InvocationHandler的invoke方法，执行我们自定义的invoke方法

SpringAOP中JDK代理的实现

SpringAOP扮演的是JDK代理的创建和调用两个角色，我们通过这两个方向来看下SpringAOP的代码（JdkDynamicAopProxy类）

SpringAOP Jdk代理的创建

代理的创建比较简单，调用getProxy方法，然后直接调用JDK中Proxy.newProxyInstance()方法将classloader和被代理的接口方法传入即可。

@Override
public Object getProxy() {
    return getProxy(ClassUtils.getDefaultClassLoader());
}

@Override
public Object getProxy(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
    if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
        logger.trace("Creating JDK dynamic proxy: " + this.advised.getTargetSource());
    }
    return Proxy.newProxyInstance(classLoader, this.proxiedInterfaces, this);
}

SpringAOP Jdk代理的执行

执行的方法如下：

/**
    * Implementation of {@code InvocationHandler.invoke}.
    * <p>Callers will see exactly the exception thrown by the target,
    * unless a hook method throws an exception.
    */
@Override
@Nullable
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
    Object oldProxy = null;
    boolean setProxyContext = false;

    TargetSource targetSource = this.advised.targetSource;
    Object target = null;

    try {
        // 执行的是equal方法
        if (!this.equalsDefined && AopUtils.isEqualsMethod(method)) {
            // The target does not implement the equals(Object) method itself.
            return equals(args[0]);
        }
        // 执行的是hashcode方法
        else if (!this.hashCodeDefined && AopUtils.isHashCodeMethod(method)) {
            // The target does not implement the hashCode() method itself.
            return hashCode();
        }
        // 如果是包装类，则dispatch to proxy config
        else if (method.getDeclaringClass() == DecoratingProxy.class) {
            // There is only getDecoratedClass() declared -> dispatch to proxy config.
            return AopProxyUtils.ultimateTargetClass(this.advised);
        }
        // 用反射方式来执行切点
        else if (!this.advised.opaque && method.getDeclaringClass().isInterface() &&
                method.getDeclaringClass().isAssignableFrom(Advised.class)) {
            // Service invocations on ProxyConfig with the proxy config...
            return AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(this.advised, method, args);
        }

        Object retVal;

        if (this.advised.exposeProxy) {
            // Make invocation available if necessary.
            oldProxy = AopContext.setCurrentProxy(proxy);
            setProxyContext = true;
        }

        // Get as late as possible to minimize the time we "own" the target,
        // in case it comes from a pool.
        target = targetSource.getTarget();
        Class<?> targetClass = (target != null ? target.getClass() : null);

        // 获取拦截链
        List<Object> chain = this.advised.getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice(method, targetClass);

        // Check whether we have any advice. If we don't, we can fallback on direct
        // reflective invocation of the target, and avoid creating a MethodInvocation.
        if (chain.isEmpty()) {
            // We can skip creating a MethodInvocation: just invoke the target directly
            // Note that the final invoker must be an InvokerInterceptor so we know it does
            // nothing but a reflective operation on the target, and no hot swapping or fancy proxying.
            Object[] argsToUse = AopProxyUtils.adaptArgumentsIfNecessary(method, args);
            retVal = AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(target, method, argsToUse);
        }
        else {
            // We need to create a method invocation...
            MethodInvocation invocation =
                    new ReflectiveMethodInvocation(proxy, target, method, args, targetClass, chain);
            // Proceed to the joinpoint through the interceptor chain.
            retVal = invocation.proceed();
        }

        // Massage return value if necessary.
        Class<?> returnType = method.getReturnType();
        if (retVal != null && retVal == target &&
                returnType != Object.class && returnType.isInstance(proxy) &&
                !RawTargetAccess.class.isAssignableFrom(method.getDeclaringClass())) {
            // Special case: it returned "this" and the return type of the method
            // is type-compatible. Note that we can't help if the target sets
            // a reference to itself in another returned object.
            retVal = proxy;
        }
        else if (retVal == null && returnType != Void.TYPE && returnType.isPrimitive()) {
            throw new AopInvocationException(
                    "Null return value from advice does not match primitive return type for: " + method);
        }
        return retVal;
    }
    finally {
        if (target != null && !targetSource.isStatic()) {
            // Must have come from TargetSource.
            targetSource.releaseTarget(target);
        }
        if (setProxyContext) {
            // Restore old proxy.
            AopContext.setCurrentProxy(oldProxy);
        }
    }
}

---

著作权归@pdai所有 原文链接：

• https://pdai.tech/md/spring/spring-x-framework-aop-source-2.html
• https://pdai.tech/md/spring/spring-x-framework-aop-source-3.html
• https://pdai.tech/md/spring/spring-x-framework-aop-source-4.html